Revolutionizing pediatric surgery: An in-depth review of the current status, challenges, and future perspectives of robotic surgery

Abstract

The advent of minimally invasive surgery has dramatically revolutionized pediatric surgery with the development and acceptance of robotic surgery. This review explores the current status, challenges, advancements, and future implications of pediatric robotic surgery. The advantages of robotic surgery are evident in pediatric procedures due to enhanced visualization, improved dexterity, and superior ergonomics, which are critical given the smaller anatomical structures in pediatrics. The technology has been applied successfully across a range of procedures, with studies reporting favorable outcomes, such as reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates. However, there are challenges such as the high cost of robotic systems, their size, and the learning curve for surgeons. Various training programs have been developed to ensure competency. Looking ahead, advancements in technology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning promise further evolution in pediatric robotic surgery. However, ethical considerations, health disparities, legal, and regulatory aspects must be addressed. From the surgeon's perspective, the adoption of robotic surgery requires a balance between the benefits of precision and ergonomics and the investment in training. This review concludes that while pediatric robotic surgery has made significant strides, a patient-centered approach remains at the heart of all surgical interventions.